Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases, which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). The costs of solar energy have decreased by 34% in the past three years (Tesla, 2020).Īlternatively, use the source title in place of the author. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry). If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or government responsible for creating the content. No author, date or page number Missing information in APA in-text citations Unknown element (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020)
Multiple authors in APA in-text citations Author type Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation.
APA in-text citations with multiple authors Check out a full example paragraph with in-text citations. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. The publication year appears directly after the author’s name when using the narrative format.
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